Pulmonary Embolism

What is a pulmonary embolism?

A pulmonary embolism (PE) is a sudden blockage in one of the arteries in your lungs, usually triggered by a blood clot that travels from another part of the body.

This blockage makes it difficult for blood to flow through your lungs and can be life-threatening if not treated right away.

What causes a pulmonary embolism?

Most pulmonary embolisms start with a blood clot in a deep vein, typically in the leg — a condition known as deep vein thrombosis (DVT). These clots can break loose, travel through the bloodstream, and get stuck in the lungs.

Because DVT is the most likely cause of a pulmonary embolism, they have much the same risk factors, including:

• Prolonged sitting
• Surgery
• Being bedridden or long-term sick
• Certain medical conditions
• Smoking
• Having a family history of blood clots
• Extended travel, such as a long flight

DVT is also more likely to occur in people carrying excess body weight.

What are the symptoms of a pulmonary embolism?

Symptoms of a pulmonary embolism can come on suddenly and include:

• Shortness of breath
• Sharp chest pain (especially when breathing in)
• Rapid heartbeat
• Coughing (sometimes with blood)
• Dizziness
• Fainting

If you notice these symptoms, it’s essential to get emergency medical help right away. You should do so even if you have no DVT symptoms. While DVTs may cause lower limb heat and swelling in one leg, pain, and blue, red, or purple skin discoloration, some people have no noticeable signs.

Southwest Pulmonary Associates uses a combination of tests to diagnose pulmonary embolisms. These may include blood tests, chest X-rays, CT scans, and sometimes an ultrasound of the legs to check for DVT.

How is a pulmonary embolism treated?

PE treatment focuses on breaking up the clot and preventing new ones from forming. Anticoagulants (blood thinners) are usually the first step. In more severe cases, patients may need clot-busting medications or surgical procedures to remove the clot.

You can reduce your likelihood of developing a DVT and pulmonary embolisms by staying active, especially during long periods of sitting or travel. If you’ve had surgery or are at risk for blood clots, your doctor may prescribe medication or recommend compression stockings to improve blood flow.

Southwest Pulmonary Associates specializes in identifying and treating serious lung conditions like pulmonary embolism with speed and precision. Call the office or request an appointment online today.